Autism

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects an increasing number of South African families. 

Autism results in difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, sensory perception (either heightened or lowered sense of touch, taste, smell, sight, or hearing), patterns of narrow interests, cognitive (thought) patterns, and repetitive behaviours.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder refers to a range of conditions characterized by challenges in social skills, repetitive behaviors, and communication difficulties. It's important to note that autism is not a single condition but a spectrum, with individuals experiencing varying degrees of challenges and strengths.

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While precise local statistics are unavailable, the prevalence of autism in South Africa is believed to be rising at a rate similar to global trends. This article aims to educate the public about autism, its causes, signs and symptoms, and available treatments.

Causes of Autism

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The exact causes of autism remain unclear, but research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role.

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Signs and Symptoms

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Autism symptoms typically appear in early childhood and can vary widely in severity. Common signs include:

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Social Interaction Difficulties:

• Poor eye contact

• Difficulty making friends

• Lack of interest in social interactions

Communication Challenges:

• Speech delays

• Difficulty understanding or using nonverbal communication

• Repetitive use of words or phrases

Behavioral Patterns:

• Repetitive movements or actions

• Intense interest in specific topics

• Sensitivity to sensory stimuli (sound, light, touch)

Developmental Delays:

• Learning disabilities

• Delays in reaching developmental milestones

It's crucial to note that autism requires a medical diagnosis, as symptoms can vary significantly between individuals.

Treatment and Support

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Treatment generally starts with interventions that coach parents and caregivers on engaging with their child. Knowing what to expect and how to support a child with Autism has been found to have positive effects on the child’s social interaction, communication and behaviour.

Because of the differences in symptoms and severity, the family usually works with a multi-disciplinary team of professionals to develop a program best suited to the child.

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These would typically aim to improve communication, cognitive and social skills, reduce distress for the child or individual and make positive behaviour changes.

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Some individuals may require medication to manage co-occurring conditions such as ADHD, anxiety, or seizures.